Employer Identification Number (EIN)

An employer identification number (EIN) is a nine-digit number the IRS assigns to a sole proprietorship, legal entity, trust, estate, employee benefit plan, bankruptcy estate, or nonprofit organization. 

The nine-digit format of the EIN is XX-XXXXXXX.

A company uses its EIN when filing income tax returns and other information returns with the IRS and state tax authorities. 

The EIN is also used when a business or trust needs to open bank accounts, credit cards, stock brokerage accounts, enroll in the IRS’ electronic federal tax payment system (EFTPS), and complete Form W-9 (Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification). 

Most EIN applications are submitted online through the IRS website. However, some applications must be submitted via paper filing (i.e., mail, fax, or phone) using Form SS-4 (Application for EIN). 

The paper filed Form SS-4 is generally required for non-U.S. entities and U.S. entities with nonresident owners. For sample Form SS-4 filings, please view our video tutorials below:

• US LLC with Nonresident Owner – Form SS-4
• Non-U.S. Entity with Nonresident Owner – Form SS-4

The IRS does not maintain a public database where users can search for EINs assigned to companies. However, it does maintain a public database for the Global Intermediary Identification Number (GIIN), which is used to comply with U.S. FATCA. 

Once the EIN is assigned, the IRS provides a CP 575 (EIN Confirmation Letter).